Modelling of RF High Power Bipolar Transistors

Koen Mouthaan

PhD Thesis


Summary

In recent years wireless mobile communication has emerged as a mass communication medium. Wireless mobile communication is in essence a bidirectional link between a mobile telephone on the one hand and a base station on the other. In base stations, power amplifiers are found that amplify the transmitted signals to power levels of a few Watts and possibly up to over 100 Watts. Power transistors are used to construct power amplifiers. The power transistors are normally built using a package, matching capacitors, dies consisting of multi-call active devices and bondwires.
In the design of the dies, device simulation and analysis tools are used extensively. In the design of power transistors, however, trial and error methods are often applied due to a lack of electrical models for the bondwires, package and matching capacitors. Furthermore, power transistors dissipate substantial amounts of power and, as a consequence power transistors heat up significantly affecting the electrical behaviour due to the electro-thermal effect. Therefore there is a clear need for an electrical, a thermal model and an electro-thermal model for RF high power transistors.

In this work the segmentation approach is applied to modelling power transistors: first, models are derived and tested using measurement or rigorous simulation for the separate components. These models are connected together to form the full model for the power transistor. This approach is applied both to the electrical modelling and the thermal modelling. All models are implemented in the commercially available microwave simulator Microwave Design System (MDS) of Agilent Technologies. The models may also be used in the modelling of, for example, mutual inductances between bondwires in plastic packages or in the modelling of the thermal behaviour in integrated circuits.
By implementing the models in MDS, the full electrothermal simulation of power transistors under DC, RF small signal and RF large signal conditions is now possible.

As a demonstrator the modelling approach is applied to the Philips BLV 910 power transistor. This transistor is designed to deliver 10 Watts of RF power around 900 MHz. The results clearly demonstrate that the model accurately represents the DC behaviour and the small signal scattering parameters.
Most important of all, the model also predicts very accurately the RF large signal parameters such as gain, efficiency and output power.
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Last updated: 15-DEC-2004.