NEC-LIST: Ground Constants

      I have received a few suggestions to add the data from the TAI Inc
Consuletter International, Vol. 6, No. 5, Earth Constants by Peter N
Saveskie to the list of groundconstants. So here is the TAI list with
due acknowledgement:

Earth Type Conductivity Permittivity
     
                                           Sigma (Mhos/m) Epsilon

 Poor 0.001 4.0 - 5.0
 Moderate 0.003 4.0
 Average 0.005 - 0.01 10.0 - 15.0
 Good 0.01 - 0.02 4.0 - 30.0
Dry, sandy, flat (typical of coastal land) 0.002 10.0
Pastoral Hills, rich soil 0.003 - 0.01 14.0 - 20.0
Pastoral medium hils and forestation 0.004 - 0.006 13.0
Fertile land 0.002 10.0
Rich agricultural land (low hills) 0.01 15.0
Rocky land, steep hills 0.002 10.0 - 15.0
Marshy land, densely wooded 0.0075 12.0
Marshy, forested, flat 0.008 12.0
Mountainous/hilly (to about 1000 m) 0.001 5.0
Highly moist ground 0.005 - 0.02 30.0
City Industrial area of average attenuation 0.001 5.0
City industrial area of maximal attenuation 0.0004 3.0
City industrial area 0.0001 3.0
Fresh water 0.002 - 0.01 80.0 - 81.0
Fresh water at 10.0 deg C (At 100 MHz) 0.001 - 0.01 84.0
Freash water at 20.0 deg C (At 100 MHz) 0.001 - 0.01 80.0
Sea water 4.0 - 5.0 80.0 - 81.0
Sea water at 10.0 deg C (to 1.0 GHz) 4.0 - 5.0 80.0
Sea water at 20.0 deg C (to 1.0 GHz) 4.0 - 5.0 73.0
Sea ice 0.001 4.0
Polar ice 0.00025 3.0
Polar Ice Cap 0.0001 1.0
Arctic land 0.0005 3.0

Since I had to reformat the table, I have managed to proof read the
figures. I would certainly like to know the various sources for this
data.

Duncan Baker.
Received on Tue May 30 2000 - 14:18:07 EDT